Sidhu, Andrews & Oppenheimer 1989, p

This document describes the general architecture of CAN in terms of hierarchical layers according to the ISO reference model for open systems interconnection (OSI) established in ISO/IEC 7498-1 and provides the characteristics for setting up an interchange of digital information between modules implementing the CAN DLL with detailed specification of the logical link control (LLC) sublayer and medium access control (MAC) sublayer. The electrical characteristics of DMX512 cable are specified in terms of impedance and capacitance, although there are often mechanical and other considerations that must be considered as well. The individual signals on a serial port are unidirectional and when connecting two devices, the outputs of one device must be connected to the inputs of the other. A line that is an output on a DTE device is an input on a DCE device and vice versa, so a DCE device can be connected to a DTE device with a straight wired cable, in which each pin on one end goes to the same numbered pin on the other end.

By the end of 2019, the number of installed Connect TVs reached 1.26 billion worldwide. The marketing and trading possibilities offered by Smart TVs are sometimes summarized by the term t-commerce. In 2017, high-end Samsung Smart TVs stopped working for at least seven days after a software update. Anticipating growing demand for an antivirus for a Smart TV, some security software companies are already working with partners in the digital TV field on the solution. However, antivirus company Avira has joined forces with digital TV testing company Labwise to work on software to protect against potential attacks. There is evidence that a Smart TV is vulnerable to attacks. The host could also have the printer automatically start a new line by pulling the AUTOFEED line high, and keeping it there. There have also been concerns that hackers may be able to remotely turn on the microphone or webcam on a smart TV, being able to eavesdrop on private conversations. Even in sets that are not configured off-the-shelf to do so, default security measures are often weak and will allow hackers to easily break into the TV. Since 2012, security researchers discovered a similar vulnerability present in more series of Smart TVs, which allows hackers to get an external root access on the device.

Therefore, in absence of a monochrome display adapter, a common assignment for the first logical parallel port (and therefore also for the corresponding LPT1 DOS device driver) today is 0x378, even though the default is still 0x3BC (and would be selected by the BIOS if it detects a printer port at this address). A multi-media call may communicate audio, data, still images, or full-motion video, or any combination of these media. A common loop antenna may be set for a bidirectional transmission channel, capable of uploading data rather than only receiving. While interfaces such as Ethernet, FireWire, and USB also send data as a serial stream, the term serial port usually denotes hardware compliant with RS-232 or a related standard, such as RS-485 or RS-422. Server computers may use a serial port as a control console for diagnostics, while networking hardware (such as routers and switches) commonly use serial console ports for configuration, diagnostics, what is control cable and emergency maintenance access. The absence of hydraulics greatly reduces maintenance costs. For example, if one applies 10 lbs of force to the control system, and the existence of friction within the control cable assembly reduces the applied force, the output is likewise reduced accordingly.

In most cases, control cables are only offered up to a cross-section of 6mm². However, motor cables with a cross section of 50mm² and more are not uncommon in larger systems. The advent of FADEC (Full Authority Digital Engine Control) engines permits operation of the flight control systems and autothrottles for the engines to be fully integrated. If one computer begins to give aberrant results for any reason, potentially including software or hardware failures or flawed input data, then the combined system is designed to exclude the results from that computer in deciding the appropriate actions for the flight controls. A converter from USB to an RS-232 compatible serial port-more than a physical transition, it requires a driver in the host system software and a built-in processor to emulate the functions of the IBM XT compatible serial port hardware. The only connector specified in the original RS-232 standard was the 25-pin D-subminiature, however, many other connectors have been used to save money or save on physical space, among other reasons. The NFPA states that excerpts quoted from the National Electrical Code must have a disclaimer indicating that the excerpt is not the complete and authoritative position of the NFPA and that the original NEC document must be consulted as the definitive reference.